各调控元件数据库的来源(二)

Hacer Enhancer数据库来源


一、VISTA数据库来源的enhancers

该数据库收录的enhancer元件都是对脊椎动物保守的非编码序列片段和具有潜在enhancer标记的表观遗传数据(比如ChIP-seq)进行的体内增强子效应实验数据。该数据库测试了总共3233个潜在enhancer元件,其中1654个具有enhancer活性。其中,鉴定出的人类活性增强子元件998个。

二、ENCODE来源的enhancers

ENCODE enhancer注释的主要思路是结合GENCODE TSS位置信息和增强子相关组蛋白修饰信息,对染色质开放区(DNase-seq或ATAC-seq)进行增强子注释。以TSS peak为核心的高位置特异性的ENCODE开放染色质区域的功能注释(相对TSS的距离,位置可标记为≤200 bp for TSS-overlapping, 200–2,000 bp for TSS-proximal, and >2,000 bp for TSS-distal),将这些区域归为三个主要类:(i) active and poised enhancer-like elements (proximal and distal, 15.3% and 72.1% of human cCREs); (ii) active promoter-like elements (3.7% of human cCREs); and (iii) CTCF-only elements (6.1% of human cCREs),以及一个次要类DNase and H3K4me3 (DNase–H3K4me3; 2.8% of human cCREs)。关于调控元件的注释以及活性状态由DNase、H3K4me3、H3K27ac 或 CTCF这四种表观遗传数据的信号分布(比如相对于TSS的距离)和信号强弱的组合设定。
举个例子:没有DNase-seq活性的区域,则不会分配调控元件信号;高DNase-seq活性的区域,缺乏H3K27ac,则会被判定为promoter-like elements;高DNase-seq活性的区域,具有H3K27ac活性,且是TSS-distal类型,则被判定为active distal enhancer-like elements。

三、Ensembl来源的enhancers

基于Segway segmentation states注释的方法(根据表观遗传信号的组合)

四、chromHMM定义的enhancers
这一部分可参照https://socrates1100.github.io/post/gong-neng-ji-yin-zu-zhu-shi/
和Ensembl来源的enhancers类似,是基于chromHMM segmentation states注释的方法(根据表观遗传信号的组合)

五、super enhancer (dbSuper)数据库来源的enhancers
基于H3K27ac ChIP-seq信号,该研究收集了86个组织细胞类型的58,283 super-enhancer regions。

References:

  1. http://bioinfo.vanderbilt.edu/AE/HACER/index.html
  2. Jing Wang, Xizhen Dai, Lynne D Berry, Joy D Cogan, Qi Liu, Yu Shyr, HACER: an atlas of human active enhancers to interpret regulatory variants, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 47, Issue D1, 08 January 2019, Pages D106–D112
  3. https://enhancer.lbl.gov/
  4. The ENCODE Project Consortium., Moore, J.E., Purcaro, M.J. et al. Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes. Nature 583, 699–710 (2020).
  5. Zerbino, D.R., Wilder, S.P., Johnson, N. et al. The Ensembl Regulatory Build. Genome Biol 16, 56 (2015).
  6. Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium., Kundaje, A., Meuleman, W. et al. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes. Nature 518, 317–330 (2015).
  7. Aziz Khan, Xuegong Zhang, dbSUPER: a database of super-enhancers in mouse and human genome, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 44, Issue D1, 4 January 2016, Pages D164–D171
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